Statement & Conclusion (RRB)

Statement and Conclusion — a statement is given; you must judge whether each conclusion logically follows from it.

A conclusion follows if it is directly implied or is the obvious factual extension of the statement. It does NOT follow if it requires extra assumptions, opinion, or facts beyond the statement.

Rules of thumb:

• The conclusion must be narrower or equal to the statement's information — never broader.
• Beware of conclusions that introduce new specific people, places, numbers, or causes.
• Watch for words like "only", "all", "no", "definitely" — these are strong; they require strong support.
• "Some", "may", "possibly" — these are weak; weak conclusions are usually supportable.

Example: Statement — "Heavy rains lashed the city for three days, causing severe traffic disruption."

• Conclusion I: "It rained in the city." → Follows directly. YES.
• Conclusion II: "The city has poor drainage." → Adds new claim. NO.
• Conclusion III: "People faced inconvenience during travel." → Reasonable extension of "traffic disruption". YES.

Statement and Assumption — an assumption is what's taken for granted (implicit) in the statement.

A valid assumption is something the statement-maker must believe for the statement to make sense.

Example: Statement — "Wear a mask in crowded markets to stay healthy."

• Assumption I: "Crowded places carry health risks." → Implicit (otherwise why advise masks?).
• Assumption II: "All masks are effective." → Not necessarily — the advice could hold even with imperfect masks. Not implicit.

Statement and Argument — judge whether each argument is strong or weak in the context.

Strong argument: directly relevant, supported by reasoning, plausible. Weak: irrelevant, emotional, or based on personal opinion not facts.

Statement and Course of Action — judge whether each suggested action would address the issue raised.

A course of action is valid if it is practical, addresses the problem, and is within the doer's capacity.

Example 1:
Statement: "Most students in our school come by school bus."
Conclusions: I. The school has a bus service. II. Public transport in the area is poor.
Analysis: I follows directly. II adds a claim not in the statement (students may prefer the bus regardless of public transport). Answer: only I follows.

Example 2:
Statement: "Smoking is injurious to health."
Conclusions: I. People should not smoke. II. Smokers always fall ill.
Analysis: I is a reasonable extension. II is too strong ("always") — smoking causes risk, not certainty. Answer: only I follows.

Example 3 (Assumption):
Statement: "Use product X for soft, glowing skin."
Assumptions: I. People want soft, glowing skin. II. Product X has worked for others.
Analysis: I is implicit (otherwise the appeal is meaningless). II is not necessarily implicit — could be advertising without proof. Answer: only I is implicit.

Example 4 (Course of Action):
Statement: "Air pollution levels in city X reached hazardous levels yesterday."
Actions: I. Stop all factories permanently. II. Issue health advisories and restrict outdoor activity.
Analysis: I is extreme and impractical (economic devastation). II is reasonable. Answer: only II follows.

Example 5 (Argument):
Statement: "Should the death penalty be abolished?"
Arguments: I. Yes, because justice systems sometimes execute innocent people. II. No, because criminals don't deserve mercy.
Analysis: I is fact-based and relevant (innocent-execution is a real risk and a strong argument). II is opinion/emotion without specific reasoning. Answer: only I is strong.

Speed tip: identify the scope of the statement. Conclusions narrower in scope are usually safe; broader ones usually fail. Watch for "only", "always", "never" — universals require near-perfect support.