Schedules, Parts and Articles of the Constitution

Memory aid '1-2-3 territory, money, oath': First — States and Union Territories with their territories. Second — Salaries/emoluments of President, Governors, Speaker, Judges, CAG, etc. Third — Forms of Oaths and Affirmations. Fourth — Allocation of Rajya Sabha seats to states/UTs. Fifth — Administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. Sixth — Administration of Tribal Areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram. Seventh — Three Lists (Union-100, State-61, Concurrent-52; numbers as currently amended). Eighth — 22 official languages. Ninth — Acts/regulations immune from judicial review (added by 1st Amendment, 1951; but laws added after 24 April 1973 can be reviewed if they violate basic structure — I.R. Coelho, 2007). Tenth — Anti-defection provisions (52nd Amendment, 1985). Eleventh — Panchayat powers (73rd Amendment). Twelfth — Municipality powers (74th Amendment).

Part I (Art 1-4): Union and its territory. Part II (5-11): Citizenship. Part III (12-35): Fundamental Rights. Part IV (36-51): Directive Principles. Part IVA (51A): Fundamental Duties. Part V (52-151): Union government. Part VI (152-237): State government. Part IX (243-243O): Panchayats; Part IXA (243P-243ZG): Municipalities; Part IXB (243ZH-243ZT): Co-operative Societies. Part XI (245-263): Centre-State relations. Part XIV (308-323): Services + Part XIVA (323A-323B): Tribunals. Part XVIII (352-360): Emergency provisions. Part XX (368): Amendment. Memory aid: 'FR=3, DPSP=4, Duties=4A.' Part VII (dealing with Part B states) was repealed by the 7th Amendment, 1956.

Tenth Schedule (Anti-Defection Law) was added by the 52nd Amendment, 1985, and the deciding authority is the Presiding Officer (Speaker/Chairman), whose decision is subject to judicial review (Kihoto Hollohan case, 1992). The 91st Amendment (2003) deleted the 'split' exception, retaining only the 'merger' exception (2/3rd of members). Ninth Schedule trap: It was created by the FIRST Amendment Act, 1951, to protect land reform laws from judicial review under Article 31B. However, in I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007), the SC held that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule AFTER 24 April 1973 (Kesavananda date) are open to judicial review if they violate the basic structure or Fundamental Rights.

Cover the answer, recall, then check. 12 cards on the structure — Parts, Articles and Schedules.

Q1. How many Articles, Parts and Schedules did the original Constitution have?
A1. Originally 395 Articles, 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. Presently it has around 470 Articles, 25 Parts and 12 Schedules.

Q2. What does the First Schedule deal with?
A2. The names of the States and Union Territories and their territorial extent.

Q3. What is contained in the Seventh Schedule?
A3. The division of powers between the Union and States through three lists — Union List, State List and Concurrent List.

Q4. Which Schedule lists the recognised languages, and how many are there now?
A4. The Eighth Schedule; it currently lists 22 languages (originally 14).

Q5. Which Schedule was added by the First Amendment (1951), and why?
A5. The Ninth Schedule, to protect land-reform laws from judicial review. In I.R. Coelho case (2007), the SC held laws added to it after 24 April 1973 can be reviewed if they violate basic structure.

Q6. What does the Tenth Schedule deal with, and which amendment added it?
A6. The anti-defection provisions; added by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985.

Q7. Which Schedules deal with Panchayats and Municipalities?
A7. The Eleventh Schedule (Panchayats, 29 subjects — added by 73rd Amendment) and the Twelfth Schedule (Municipalities, 18 subjects — added by 74th Amendment).

Q8. What do the Fifth and Sixth Schedules deal with?
A8. The Fifth Schedule deals with the administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes; the Sixth Schedule deals with administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

Q9. What does the Second Schedule contain?
A9. Provisions on the salaries, allowances and privileges of the President, Governors, Speakers, judges, CAG, etc.

Q10. What do the Third and Fourth Schedules deal with?
A10. The Third Schedule contains the forms of oaths and affirmations; the Fourth Schedule allocates seats in the Rajya Sabha to States and UTs.

Q11. Which Part contains the Fundamental Rights, and which contains the Directive Principles?
A11. Part III (Articles 12–35) contains Fundamental Rights; Part IV (Articles 36–51) contains the Directive Principles.

Q12. Which Parts were added later dealing with Panchayats, Municipalities and Co-operative Societies?
A12. Part IX (Panchayats), Part IXA (Municipalities), and Part IXB (Co-operative Societies, added by 97th Amendment, 2011).